Gene Therapies: Negotiating the Priceless-Insights from the Lyfegen 2024 Drug Contracting Trends Report
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Insights & Articles
This influential player in the U.S. pharmaceutical sector is changing the dynamics of price negotiations between payers and drug manufacturers. But is ICER helping bring healthcare costs down or contributing to rising drug prices?
Who is ICER?
Over the last decade, a small, Boston-based independent, nonprofit research organization has become a powerful influence over the formulary exclusion decisions and drug prices commercial and government payers will pay. Founded in 2006, The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) was relatively unknown before 2014. But after gaining national recognition for an assessment about the cost-effectiveness of a Hepatitis C therapy regime, ICER quickly became a trusted source of data and pharmaceutical economics research.
ICER’s assessments are cited in national policy debate and in pharmaceutical price negotiations between insurers and drug manufacturers. According to ICER, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, some state Medicaid agencies and over 75% of private insurers, pharmacy benefit managers, and self-insuring organizations now use ICER’s drug pricing assessments and resources in their policy decision making.
What does ICER do?
ICER conducts clinical and economic assessments of drug treatments to calculate what it considers a drug’s fair market price. They consider a drug’s value and effectiveness for treating the illness for which it was designed, followed by a budget impact analysis to estimate how much the national health system could save with its suggested cost-effective pricing. Using this data, ICER analyses calculate a suggested drug price for payers where cost-effectiveness aligns with the value of the increased benefit to the patient’s health. ICER says it seeks feedback from all stakeholders—manufacturers, clinicians, payers, patients and families.
How is ICER affecting national drug prices?
A leading pharmaceutical economics expert, Dr. Adam J. Fein of Drug Channels Institute, reports that pharmaceutical list prices rose by up to 15% from 2010 to 2015. During the next five years, up to mid-2020—as ICER rose to national prominence—list price growth dropped to 4.2%.
In 2018, ICON, a leading healthcare industry consultant, conducted a survey about the influence of ICER’s work on drug pricing and national healthcare costs. The ICON survey revealed that ICER’s cost effectiveness metrics and price recommendations are affecting contract negotiations between drug manufacturers and payers and driving drug prices down.
Most payers are no longer willing to accept whatever price drug manufacturers decide to charge. Over a third of the payers in the ICON survey stated it was likely, or extremely likely, that they would ask for a rebate from the drug manufacturer to reduce the cost of a drug to match ICER’s suggested price. In response, manufacturers will increase their drug list price, then offset part of the price increase with larger rebates to payers—this is known as the gross-to-net bubble.
How is ICER affecting access to expensive drug treatments?
Out of the 90 participants ICON surveyed during a pharmaceutical industry webinar, 65% believed ICER had a moderate to significant impact on formulary decisions; ICON’s research also showed that payers who use ICER’s cost-effective pricing were more likely to use strict prior authorization requirements for some drugs to encourage clinicians and patients to use the most cost-effective drug treatments. Critics point to this as one of the harmful consequences of ICER’s work.
What do critics of ICER say?
Some patient advocate groups—with the support of pharmaceutical manufacturers—are concerned that by encouraging payers to exclude less cost-effective but still clinically effective treatments in their formularies, ICER is promoting payer discrimination against some patients who need expensive specialty medications, such as the elderly, people with disabilities, and those living with rare diseases.
Critics such as The Alliance for Aging Research point to data that show ICER’s impact on payer demands for higher rebates are causing increasing out-of-pocket costs for seniors using Part D Medicare benefits. Manufacturers raise their list prices, then meet payer demands for ICER’s suggested drug pricing using the gross-to-net bubble rebates. However, some payers still calculate the co-insurance percentages that patients pay for their prescriptions based on the manufacturer’s full, undiscounted list price.
Lyfegen can help implement value-based drug pricing agreements
Despite the debate about whether ICER is a help or a hinderance in the work of healthcare cost containment and better patient access, ICER’s influence will probably continue to grow as value-based contracts and risk-sharing agreements become more common. Lyfegen’s value-based contracting platform operationalizes and manages these complex drug pricing payment arrangements by seamlessly capturing and analyzing data.
Lyfegen’s software can help your organization implement any value-based contract, covering multiple therapeutic areas, with public or private payers. Contact us to learn more about our platform and to book a demo.
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With price tags in the millions, gene therapies are redefining medicine—and reshaping how we negotiate access to it. For both payers and pharmaceutical companies, these breakthrough treatments present a shared challenge: how do you fund what feels priceless?
From Zolgensma to Hemgenix, gene therapies promise one-time cures for rare and life-threatening diseases. But the financial model behind them can’t follow the traditional playbook. These treatments call for a smarter, more collaborative approach to pricing—and that’s exactly what’s taking root.
Why Payers and Pharma Need a New Playbook
Unlike conventional drugs, gene therapies frontload their cost while delivering benefits over time. That disconnect forces a fundamental rethink of how pricing, reimbursement, and risk-sharing are handled.
According to the Lyfegen 2024 Drug Contracting Trends Report, health systems worldwide are moving toward innovative agreements: outcome guarantees, installment plans, and subscription-based models. These aren’t just experiments—they’re becoming essential tools to balance patient access with financial responsibility.
For payers, it’s about managing risk while maintaining equity. For pharma, it’s about demonstrating value in a way that aligns with clinical reality. Either way, the direction is clear: shared risk, shared benefit.
Global Shifts That Are Shaping the Market
The trends are global and accelerating. In the United States, payers like Blue Cross Blue Shield and Medicaid are embracing outcome-based models for sickle cell gene therapies like Casgevy and Lyfgenia. Brazil’s Ministry of Health uses installment payments for Zolgensma, spreading risk over five years while tying reimbursement to real-world outcomes.
In Europe, countries like Spain and Italy combine restricted coverage with annual reassessments, ensuring that high-cost therapies are only reimbursed if they continue to deliver results.
The message? Pricing innovation is no longer a nice-to-have—it’s the only way forward.
How Lyfegen Bridges the Gap
At Lyfegen, we help payers and pharma move beyond the negotiation table—and into action.
• Our Agreements Library, the world’s largest digital repository of value-based contracts, helps you understand what others are doing and where the benchmarks lie.
• Our pricing simulation engine lets both sides explore scenarios before committing—making deals smarter from day one.
• And our automated platform handles everything from contract setup to rebate tracking, saving time, reducing risk, and driving transparency.
A Smarter Way to Fund the Future of Medicine
Gene therapies will continue to challenge the limits of what we think healthcare can afford. But with the right models and tools, both payers and pharma can find common ground—ensuring that innovation reaches the patients who need it most.
Curious about what’s next in drug contracting?
Download the 2024 Drug Contracting Trends Report for exclusive insights, real-world examples, and global benchmarks.
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The UK government is taking a bold step toward modernizing public services by cutting red tape, integrating AI into operations, and bringing NHS England back under direct ministerial control. This reform signals a shift toward efficiency, innovation, and better patient care—one where AI-driven solutions like Lyfegen can play a pivotal role.
NHS England was originally established in 2012 as an arm’s-length organization to insulate the health service from political interference. Over time, however, bureaucracy accumulated, slowing decision-making and increasing costs. With Starmer’s decision to fold NHS England’s functions back into the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), the system is poised for a fresh start. This restructuring aims to eliminate redundant roles, reduce administrative waste, and reallocate resources to frontline care—ushering in a new era of efficient and accountable healthcare management.
A key takeaway from Starmer’s announcement is his strong push for automation. The government is aiming to cut administrative costs by 25%, ensuring that resources are directed where they matter most: patient care.
Some of the expected changes include:
By integrating NHS England’s functions into the DHSC, the government is positioned to strengthen and streamline negotiations with pharmaceutical companies. This shift could lead to:
One of the most promising aspects of this reform is the government’s commitment to leveraging AI to transform operations. For an AI-powered platform like Lyfegen, this presents a significant opportunity to deliver real-world benefits in healthcare management. Here’s how Lyfegen can help:
While AI promises to revolutionize healthcare efficiency, successful implementation will require overcoming hurdles such as:
Transforming the NHS is no small task. Beyond balancing innovation and cost, the government must manage vast amounts of healthcare data and navigate the complexities of implementing change at scale. However, Starmer’s announcement represents more than just another cycle of NHS reforms—it’s a meaningful step toward a future where efficiency and technology-driven innovation deliver real, lasting benefits to patients.
At Lyfegen, we’re ready to support this transformation by delivering AI-powered solutions that drive real savings and faster patient access. Let’s build a smarter, more efficient NHS together.
Want to see how our AI-powered solutions can support smarter drug pricing and better healthcare access? Let’s schedule a demo today.
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